Toulmin layout

Data on one side, claim on the other, and everything between them made explicit. The warrant is the rule that lets the data count as a reason for the claim. The backing is what supports that rule. The qualifier is how strongly the claim is being made, and the rebuttal is the condition under which the whole structure fails. Most real arguments carry all five parts and write down two of them.

Data on one side, claim on the other, and everything between them made explicit. The warrant is the rule that lets the data count as a reason for the claim. The backing is what supports that rule. The qualifier is how strongly the claim is being made, and the rebuttal is the condition under which the whole structure fails. Most real arguments carry all five parts and write down two of them.

Example

Best when one argument matters enough to take apart, and you suspect the fight is about an unstated rule.