Social Convoy Model (Kahn & Antonucci)

A life-course model of significant social relationships whose composition, closeness, support, and quality change with personal and situational factors. Concentric circles represent closeness, not fixed support functions.

The social convoy model represents the relationships that accompany a person through life and change with personal circumstances and social context. Its concentric circles indicate closeness, while network structure, support, and relationship quality are separate dimensions. An outer-circle person can provide emotional support, and an inner-circle relationship can be strained or unable to offer practical help.

A useful map asks who matters, how relationships are experienced, and what support is actually available or exchanged. Changes after relocation, bereavement, retirement, or caregiving are not simply maintenance failures. The representation can make options and gaps visible, while respecting that closeness and obligations are defined by the people involved.

When to use it

When reflecting on social changes, coordinating support, or examining how a life transition affects a person's relationships.

How it can help

Supports discussing relationships and available support during transitions while separating closeness, practical availability, strain, and consent.