Dual Process Model of Grief (Stroebe & Schut)

A model of bereavement coping that distinguishes loss-oriented and restoration-oriented demands, with movement between them and periods of respite.

The dual process model describes coping with bereavement through two orientations: attending to the loss and attending to changes in life that follow it. People may move between these demands and take respite from both. The framework helps describe variability without requiring a sequence of stages or a schedule for feeling better.

Use the distinction to make room for the bereaved person's experience and practical needs. Remembering someone, handling a new responsibility, and enjoying an ordinary moment can coexist. The model is not a diagnostic test: spending time in one orientation does not by itself establish a disorder, and no prescribed amount of oscillation proves healthy grieving.

When to use it

When understanding or supporting bereavement and the person finds the distinction useful, without prescribing how they should grieve.

How it can help

Can normalize variation in attention and support conversations about both the loss and changed practical responsibilities.