Consequentialism

Consequentialism is a family of ethical views grounding moral assessment in consequences, with different accounts of value, uncertainty, and the object evaluated. Utilitarianism is one important form.

Consequentialism is a family of ethical views in which the moral assessment of an action, rule, or other object depends on consequences. Versions differ about which consequences count, whose interests matter, how uncertainty is handled, and whether acts or rules are evaluated. It is broader than utilitarianism and does not mean that any personally desired end licenses any means.

A useful consequentialist analysis makes the comparison explicit: consequences relative to which alternative, over what period, and for whom? Intentions, promises, and trust can matter through their effects even when they are not the ultimate criterion of rightness. Considering consequences within a mixed ethical approach is different from endorsing pure consequentialism. Keep that distinction visible, especially when rights or fairness constraints are independently binding.

When to use it

When outcomes and tradeoffs need explicit ethical examination, alongside the other commitments relevant to the decision.

How it can help

Compare feasible alternatives, affected parties, indirect effects, and uncertainty. Make any independent rights or fairness constraints explicit rather than calling a mixed approach pure consequentialism.