MODELS
Menu

The encyclopedia

People, books, and breakthrough ideas—connected to the mental models and moves you can use.

Explore the encyclopedia

3,456 entries

Cognitive Move

storyboard

The same span cut into a few panels, one per phase, each drawn as a small scene rather than a label. A phase earns a panel only when the world inside it looks different from the panel before. Two things come free: a reader can see the change instead of taking it on trust, and naming a phase forces you to say when it started and when it ended.

Cognitive Move

Strategic behavior or deception

Ask whether people who knew they were being measured changed what they did or what they reported. Someone gamed the metric, hid something, timed an action, or shaded a number. Add this rival only when a human has a motive and a lever.

Mental Model

Strategic Misrepresentation

Bent Flyvbjerg's term for the systematic, deliberate distortion of costs, benefits, and risks in project proposals—lying about project prospects to get them approved

Mental Model

Strategic Paralysis

The organizational state where analysis, debate, and planning substitute for action, often disguised as 'being thorough' or 'de-risking.' Strategic paralysis emerges from a specific cocktail: uncertainty about the right…

Mental Model

Strategic Silence

Silence is one of the most powerful and least used tools in negotiation

Mental Model

Strategy vs Tactics

Strategy combines an understanding of a challenge with a guiding approach and coordinated action

Mental Model

Straw Man

Misrepresenting someone's argument as a weaker version in order to attack the weakened version instead of the actual position

Mental Model

Streetlight Effect (Drunkard's Search)

The observational bias of searching for something only where looking is easiest, not where the thing is most likely to be—named after the joke of a drunk looking for keys under a streetlight because 'the light is better…

Mental Model

Streetlight Effect (Searching Where It's Easy)

A duplicate entry of the Streetlight Effect emphasizing the organizational and strategic dimension: institutions systematically study, fund, and address problems that are easy to investigate rather than problems that mat…

Mental Model

Streisand Effect

Attempting to suppress or hide information often amplifies its spread

Mental Model

Strength in Action

The strategic principle that strength is only valuable when DEPLOYED—latent capabilities, unexercised advantages, and passive superiority produce no results

Mental Model

Stress Management Toolkit Protocol

A tiered stress management protocol providing interventions matched to stress intensity — from daily maintenance to acute crisis

Mental Model

Stress Testing

Systematically subjecting a system, plan, or strategy to extreme conditions to identify failure points before they occur in reality

Mental Model

Stress-Induced Mental Confusion

Under extreme stress, the prefrontal cortex (rational decision-making) partially shuts down while the amygdala (threat response) takes over, producing dramatically worse judgment

Mental Model

Stress-Influence Tendency

Munger's observation that stress dramatically alters cognitive function—producing both degraded performance (decision quality drops, cognitive flexibility decreases, tunnel vision increases) AND heightened susceptibility…

Mental Model

Stress-Recovery Balance

The Stress-Recovery Balance model, derived from both exercise physiology and organizational psychology, proposes that growth and high performance require deliberate alternation between stress (demanding activity that exc…

Cognitive Move

Strip Method

Separate the activity you planned from the real-world change it was supposed to create, and demote the activity to one candidate method.

Cognitive Move

strip of three panels

Three frames in a row, drawn as identically as you can manage, with exactly one thing changed between them. The claim lives in the change, and usually in the third frame. A strip says what a single panel cannot, which is that something recurs, escalates, or ends up back where it started. Keep the rest of the drawing the same on purpose, because any variation you introduce will be read as meaningful.

Mental Model

Structural Conflict

Robert Fritz's concept that most people are caught between two competing internal structures: the desire to create what they want and a belief that they can't have it or don't deserve it

Mental Model

Structural Holes (Burt's Brokerage)

Ronald Burt's network theory that competitive advantage comes from bridging 'structural holes'—gaps between disconnected clusters in a social network

Cognitive Move

Structure

Break the thing into its component parts and ask which single part you could study on its own. You are looking for pieces and materials, not timing, people, or purpose. Each part becomes a candidate unit to analyze instead of the whole.