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People, books, and breakthrough ideas—connected to the mental models and moves you can use.

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Cognitive Move

Choose control relation

Set how much authority the winner gets, on a four-rung ladder: it only advises you, it works alongside you, it acts alone inside limits you write down, or it acts by standing policy while you watch for exceptions. Capability decides who; this decides how tight the leash.

Cognitive Move

chord

Nodes seated around a circle with links drawn as ribbons across the open middle. Because every node is on the rim, no node is visually favored, and what you count instead is how many chords land on each one. It reads best for exchange between a fixed cast: who traded with whom, which pots moved money between them, which teams handed work to each other.

Cognitive Move

choropleth

Regions you already have, colored by one number each. Shade carries the value, so what you read is where the highs sit and whether they touch. It answers a clustering question, not a ranking question. The trap is built in: a large empty region shouts and a small dense one whispers, because the eye is reading area while you meant it to read color.

Mental Model

Chosen Family Model

The Chosen Family Model describes the formation of family-like bonds outside biological or legal kinship — relationships characterized by the unconditional support, mutual obligation, and enduring commitment typically as…

Mental Model

Chronic Overcommitment

The systematic failure to account for existing commitments when accepting new ones, resulting in perpetual overwhelm that is self-inflicted but feels externally imposed

Mental Model

Chronotype Optimization

Chronotype refers to your biologically determined preference for sleep-wake timing, governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the brain's master clock) and influenced by genetics, age, and light exposure

Mental Model

Churn

Churn measures departures from a defined customer or subscriber population during a stated period

Mental Model

Cialdini’s Six Principles of Influence

Cialdini's original six-part framework describes reciprocity, commitment and consistency, social proof, authority, liking, and scarcity as recurring influences on responses to requests

Mental Model

Circadian Alignment Protocol

Circadian alignment refers to synchronizing your behavior — especially light exposure, meal timing, sleep schedule, and activity level — with your body's internal 24-hour clock

Mental Model

Circadian Nature Alignment

Human circadian rhythms evolved to be calibrated by natural cues—primarily sunlight intensity and spectrum, but also temperature and sound

Mental Model

Circadian Rhythm Effects

Circadian rhythms are roughly twenty-four-hour biological cycles influenced by internal clocks and environmental cues

Mental Model

Circle of Competence

The task-specific range in which a person has enough grounded knowledge to make a judgment appropriate to the stakes, with an explicit awareness of its boundaries.

Cognitive Move

circuit

A closed loop with elements in series and in parallel. Series means everything shares one path, so the weakest element sets the limit for the whole loop. Parallel means there is a second route, so one element failing does not stop the rest. Switches mark where the loop can be opened. Borrowed from electronics, and it earns its place whenever a system has one shared path and you need to find the element throttling it.

Mental Model

Civic Engagement Ladder (Arnstein)

Sherry Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation arranges eight levels: Manipulation and Therapy (non-participation disguised as engagement), Informing, Consultation, and Placation (tokenism—heard but not heeded), and P…

Mental Model

Civic Republicanism

Civic republicanism (Pettit, Skinner) defines freedom not as non-interference (liberalism) but as non-domination—freedom from arbitrary power of others, even if never exercised

Cognitive Move

Claim

The one thing you believe is true, written tightly enough that it could turn out false: what changed, for whom, measured against what alternative, over what stretch of time. Not the test, and not the decision it feeds.

Cognitive Move

Claim and type

Write out the exact claim you're testing, including who it's about, in what context, compared to what, and over what time frame.

Cognitive Move

Claim ceiling

Write down, before the test runs, the biggest thing a win would let you say out loud. It caps the victory speech in advance, so a narrow result cannot be inflated into a broad conclusion once people are excited.

Mental Model

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov's discovery that neutral stimuli, when paired repeatedly with stimuli that naturally produce responses, eventually produce those responses on their own

Mental Model

Classifying Tipping Points

Lamberson and Page distinguish direct from contextual tips, and separately distinguish changes within an outcome class from changes between classes, using a discontinuity-based definition.

Mental Model

Climate Change

The defining example of a complex, slow-moving, global systems problem