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People, books, and breakthrough ideas—connected to the mental models and moves you can use.

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Mental Model

Age-Related Positivity Effect

Older adults consistently show a cognitive bias toward positive over negative information — they remember positive images better than negative ones, attend more to positive faces, and recall positive memories more readil…

Cognitive Move

Agency erosion

A system can quietly take away someone's real say in their own life even though nothing broke and nobody objected.

Mental Model

Agent-Based Modeling

A computational approach to understanding complex systems by simulating the behavior of individual agents following simple rules—and observing the emergent system-level patterns that arise from their interactions

Cognitive Move

agent-based run

Many small units, each following the same short list of local rules, with no rule anywhere describing the pattern you are hoping to see. You set the rules and the starting arrangement, run it forward, and the group behavior appears or does not. This is the sub-mode that can surprise its own author, which is also the warning attached to it: a pattern that emerges from rules you invented is a property of your rules.

Cognitive Move

Agents

Human or artificial agents carry work that needs expertise, labor, perspective, or judgment you lack.

Mental Model

Agnosticism

Agnosticism concerns limits of warranted knowledge; Huxley's formulation emphasizes following reasons without claiming unsupported certainty

Cognitive Move

Aims astray

The process runs fine but increasingly optimizes a proxy metric instead of the thing you actually want.

Cognitive Move

Alert fatigue

When warnings arrive so often that people stop reading them, the one warning that mattered gets ignored along with the rest.

Cognitive Move

algorithm

Numbered steps, a decision at some of them, and an explicit stopping condition. No machine required, which means it can run in your head in the middle of a point or a meeting. The stop condition is the part people leave out, and it is the part that makes the steps a procedure rather than a list.

Cognitive Move

Algorithm

Write the information as an explicit step-by-step procedure or bit of code that anyone can re-run and get the same answer. Best when a judgment must repeat identically across cases; useless when the goal itself is fuzzy or the assumptions stay unspoken.

Mental Model

Algorithmic Feed Management

Algorithmic feed management deliberately curates your algorithmic inputs to shape what platforms show you

Mental Model

Algorithms

Step-by-step procedures for solving specific classes of problems or performing computations—the fundamental building blocks of computer science and, more broadly, of any SYSTEMATIC approach to problem-solving

Cognitive Move

Align roles and relations

Write out an explicit pair list: each piece of the familiar domain matched to the piece in the new one that does the same job. Match by function in the system, never by what things look like or are called.

Cognitive Move

Aligned

Asks whether the thing you named is an end you actually care about, or just something easy to count. Trace it upward: if you hit it perfectly and still feel nothing changed, you named an activity, a borrowed metric, or a stand-in.

Cognitive Move

Alignment by shared field

Pick one attribute every item has, then order and register all items on it so the same detail sits in the same spot for each. Comparing becomes reading straight down one column. It scales past two items to the whole set.

Cognitive Move

Allowable speed

Puts a ceiling on how fast you may move, stated as a rate: how much more per week, how many sessions, how long between them. Order can be right and the tempo still wrong.

Mental Model

Alloying

Alloying combines elements into a metallic material whose properties depend on composition and processing

Cognitive Move

alluvial

The same ribbons, repeated across three or more time steps, with the stacking order free to change. Categories keep their identity while their thickness moves, so a stream that is quietly taking over crosses over the top of the one it replaced. The crossing is the signal.

Mental Model

Alternative Blindness

The tendency to evaluate an option against a single alternative (usually the status quo) rather than against ALL available alternatives—producing decisions that are better than doing nothing but far worse than the best a…

Mental Model

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

A family of conflict resolution methods—mediation, arbitration, negotiation, collaborative law—that resolve disputes outside traditional litigation

Mental Model

Alternative Dispute Resolution Spectrum

Dispute resolution exists on a spectrum from fully consensual to fully adjudicative: negotiation (parties resolve directly), mediation (neutral facilitator helps parties find agreement), med-arb (mediation that converts…