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Ethics & Moral Reasoning
Jonathan Haidt's research identifies six innate moral foundations that all humans share but weight differently: Care/Harm (sensitivity to suffering), Fairness/Cheating (reciprocity and justice), Loyalty/Betrayal (group c…
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
Ethical fading occurs when the moral dimensions of a decision gradually become invisible, typically through psychological mechanisms that reframe ethical choices as purely business, technical, or pragmatic ones
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
After doing something good, people feel psychologically licensed to do something bad—as if moral behavior generates 'credits' that can be spent on subsequent immoral behavior
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
Joshua Greene's dual process theory of moral judgment proposes that moral decisions emerge from two competing cognitive systems: a fast, automatic, emotional system (driven by the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cor…
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
Moral injury occurs when someone perpetrates, witnesses, or fails to prevent acts that violate their deeply held moral beliefs
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
Professional ethics boundaries define the limits of acceptable behavior within a professional role, going beyond personal morality to include role-specific obligations: confidentiality (lawyers and therapists can't discl…
Professional EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Stakeholder ethics argues that organizations have moral obligations not just to shareholders but to all parties significantly affected by their decisions—employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and the environment
Applied EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Environmental ethics asks whether moral consideration extends beyond humans to animals, ecosystems, and the natural world itself
Applied EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Intergenerational ethics addresses our moral obligations to people who don't yet exist—future generations who will inherit the world we leave them
Applied EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Technology ethics examines who bears moral responsibility when technological systems cause harm, especially when those systems are too complex for any individual to fully understand or control
Applied EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Moral courage is the capacity to act on ethical convictions despite personal risk—social disapproval, career damage, financial loss, or physical danger
Professional EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Ethical leadership combines moral person (individual character—integrity, honesty, caring about people, fairness in decisions) with moral manager (actively promoting ethical behavior through communication, reinforcement,…
Professional EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
A conflict of interest exists when a person's professional judgment or duty is compromised by a competing personal interest—financial gain, career advancement, loyalty to friends, or desire to avoid discomfort
Professional EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
Moral distress occurs when you know the ethically right course of action but feel constrained from taking it by institutional pressures, hierarchical authority, or practical barriers
Moral PsychologyEthics & Moral Reasoning
Principled disobedience is the deliberate, conscious violation of a rule, law, or authority directive because compliance would require betraying a more fundamental ethical principle
Applied EthicsEthics & Moral Reasoning
The ethical slippery slope describes how small, seemingly innocuous moral compromises establish precedents and psychological patterns that lead to progressively larger violations
Ethical FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
The glycemic index (GI) ranks carbohydrates 0-100 by how rapidly they raise blood glucose, while glycemic load (GL) multiplies GI by the actual carbohydrate content per serving, giving a more practical measure
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
The thermic effect of food (TEF) is the energy your body expends to digest, absorb, and process nutrients—typically 10% of total caloric intake, but varying dramatically by macronutrient
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
Caloric density measures calories per gram of food, ranging from ~0.1 (leafy greens) to ~9.0 (pure fats/oils)
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
Intermittent fasting (IF) encompasses time-restricted eating patterns: 16:8 (16-hour fast, 8-hour eating window), 5:2 (normal eating 5 days, ~500 calories 2 days), and alternate-day fasting
Dietary FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
The Mediterranean diet—abundant vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, olive oil, moderate fish, limited red meat and processed foods—is the most robustly evidence-supported dietary pattern
Dietary FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
The gut-brain axis describes bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system (100 million neurons lining the gut) and the central nervous system, mediated through the vagus nerve, immune signaling, and mic…
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
Stephan Guyenet's food reward hypothesis proposes that obesity is primarily driven by the brain's reward system responding to hyper-palatable, calorie-dense foods rather than conscious overeating
Food PsychologyNutrition & Food Science
The protein leverage hypothesis, developed by Simpson and Raubenheimer, proposes that humans (and many animals) have a specific protein appetite that drives total food consumption
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
Nutritional periodization applies the athletic training principle of periodization—systematically varying training stress—to dietary strategy
Dietary FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
Chronic low-grade inflammation—measured by C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-alpha—underlies cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, depression, and neurodegeneration
Dietary FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
Intuitive Eating, developed by Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch, is a 10-principle framework rejecting external diet rules to reconnect with internal hunger and satiety cues
Food PsychologyNutrition & Food Science
Mindful eating applies contemplative awareness to eating: paying attention to sensory experience, eating slowly, recognizing hunger and satiety signals, and noticing emotional triggers without judgment
Food PsychologyNutrition & Food Science
The NOVA classification, developed by Carlos Monteiro at University of São Paulo, categorizes foods by processing level: Group 1 (unprocessed—fruits, vegetables, meat), Group 2 (culinary ingredients—oils, butter, salt),…
Public Health NutritionNutrition & Food Science
Nutritional psychiatry examines how dietary patterns directly affect mental health through neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroinflammation, gut-brain signaling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modification
Public Health NutritionNutrition & Food Science
Micronutrient optimization focuses on ensuring adequate vitamins and minerals serving as cofactors for thousands of enzymatic reactions
Metabolic ModelsNutrition & Food Science
Hydration science reveals that even mild dehydration (1-2% body weight loss) impairs cognitive performance, mood, and physical capacity before triggering thirst
Public Health NutritionNutrition & Food Science
The 'food as medicine' framework treats dietary intervention as a primary therapeutic tool
Dietary FrameworksNutrition & Food Science
The elimination diet is a systematic diagnostic protocol for identifying food sensitivities: remove suspected trigger foods (gluten, dairy, soy, eggs, corn, nightshades, processed foods) for 2-4 weeks to establish a symp…
Food PsychologyHabit & Behavior Change
Charles Duhigg's habit loop identifies three components: a cue (trigger initiating behavior), a routine (the behavior itself), and a reward (benefit reinforcing the loop)
Habit FormationHabit & Behavior Change
BJ Fogg's Tiny Habits method proposes that behavior change succeeds when the desired behavior is so small it requires almost no motivation
Habit FormationHabit & Behavior Change
Implementation intentions are specific if-then plans linking a situational cue to a planned response: 'If X arises, then I will do Y.' Peter Gollwitzer's research demonstrates this roughly doubles follow-through probabil…
Habit FormationHabit & Behavior Change
Temptation bundling, developed by Katherine Milkman at Wharton, pairs an immediately gratifying activity with a beneficial but less enjoyable behavior
Environmental DesignHabit & Behavior Change
Habit stacking creates chains of behaviors by using completion of one habit as the cue for the next
Habit FormationHabit & Behavior Change
Self-Determination Theory (SDT), developed by Deci and Ryan over four decades, identifies three innate psychological needs predicting intrinsic motivation and wellbeing: autonomy (volitional choice), competence (feeling…
Motivation ScienceHabit & Behavior Change
The Transtheoretical Model identifies five stages of behavior change: Precontemplation (unaware of need), Contemplation (considering change within 6 months), Preparation (planning to act within 30 days), Action (actively…
Motivation ScienceHabit & Behavior Change
Motivational Interviewing (MI), developed by Miller and Rollnick, is a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person's own motivation for change
Motivation ScienceHabit & Behavior Change
The addiction cycle operates through three neurologically distinct stages: binge/intoxication (reward circuit activation via dopamine surges), withdrawal/negative affect (stress system activation producing anxiety and dy…
Addiction & RecoveryHabit & Behavior Change
Recovery capital, conceptualized by William White, encompasses total resources for sustaining recovery: social capital (supportive relationships, sober networks), physical capital (finances, housing, health insurance), h…
Addiction & RecoveryHabit & Behavior Change
Choice architecture is the deliberate design of environments in which people make decisions
Environmental DesignHabit & Behavior Change
A commitment device locks your present self into a future course of action, removing the option of later defection
Environmental DesignHabit & Behavior Change
James Clear's identity-based habits model inverts the conventional approach to behavior change
Habit FormationHabit & Behavior Change
Keystone habits are behaviors that, once established, trigger cascading positive changes across multiple life domains without deliberate effort
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